What condition is indicated by a spinal curvature greater than 10 degrees, typically emerging around puberty?

Scoliosis is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine that exceeds 10 degrees and often appears during adolescence, particularly around the time of puberty. This condition can manifest due to a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, growth patterns, or other underlying health issues. The curvature can develop in various degrees of severity and when detected early, it can often be managed effectively through monitoring, bracing, or physical therapy.

In contrast, lordosis refers to an exaggerated inward curve of the lumbar spine, while kyphosis refers to an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine. Both lordosis and kyphosis do not specifically involve the lateral curvature that defines scoliosis. Genu valgum, also known as "knock-knees," is a condition affecting the alignment of the knees and is not related to spinal curvature. Thus, the defining traits of scoliosis, including its onset during puberty and the specific degree of curvature, make it the correct answer in this scenario.